Spartacus offers a largely positive portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters, most notably through the central, complex, and deeply affirmed relationship between Agron and Nasir. While set in a brutal world, same-sex relationships are depicted with dignity and treated as a natural part of the narrative, with challenges arising from external circumstances rather than identity itself.

The show features several female characters, including Saxa and Naevia, who are portrayed as skilled warriors. They are repeatedly depicted engaging in and winning close-quarters physical combat against multiple male Roman soldiers using various melee weapons.

Oenomaus, a prominent character in the show, was historically a Gaulish gladiator, typically considered of European descent. In the series, he is portrayed by a Black actor, Peter Mensah, which constitutes a race swap.