The Buccaneers features LGBTQ+ representation through Mabel's queer storyline and progressive casting. While the intent to connect historical and contemporary queer experiences is positive, the limited narrative focus diminishes its significance, resulting in a portrayal that is present but not central or fully affirming.

The Buccaneers features Mabel Elmsworth, a trans character played by Josie Totah, integrated naturally into the 1870s London social scene. The series normalizes trans identities by including them without making them the sole focus or source of conflict, contributing to a broader inclusive narrative. The portrayal is respectful and incidental.

Conchita Closson, a character from Edith Wharton's novel, was widely understood as a white woman of South American descent. The 2023 show portrays her as non-white, constituting a race swap from the source material.