Rectify includes LGBTQ+ characters, notably Trey Willis and his implied relationship with George Melton, whose identities are revealed as part of their complex backstories connected to the central crime. Their queer identities add layers to character motivations and plot secrets but are not the show's primary focus. The portrayal is incidental, neither strongly affirming nor denigrating, contributing to the narrative's complexity.

The series deeply explores Christianity through various characters, portraying both the solace and community it offers (e.g., Janet, Tawney) and the rigidity and judgment it can foster (e.g., Ted Jr., parts of the community). The narrative ultimately affirms the virtues of compassion, forgiveness, and unconditional love found within the faith, often contrasting them with human failings and misinterpretations.