For its time, Barney Miller offered a remarkably progressive and empathetic portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters. The show depicted these individuals with dignity, often as victims of crime, and consistently framed prejudice as an external societal problem. While some portrayals may now seem dated, the net impact was affirming, treating queer identity with respect and advocating for justice.

Barney Miller featured a character in one episode who was a man dressing as a woman, which served as a plot device. The show handled the character with a degree of humanity, avoiding outright villainy or mockery. However, the portrayal focused more on the police officers' reactions and discomfort, rather than offering an affirming or deeply explored depiction of the character's identity, resulting in a neutral net impact.

The series portrays Jewish characters, most notably Detective Fish, with warmth and humor. While his Jewish identity is a consistent aspect of his character, any humor associated with it stems from his personal quirks and experiences rather than a critique or negative stereotype of the faith itself.